ASSOCIATION OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE
(GSTM1 and GSTT1) AND FTO GENE POLYMORPHISMS
WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS CASES
IN NORTHERN INDIA
Raza ST, Abbas S, Ahmad A, Ahmed F, Zaidi ZH, Mahdi F
*Corresponding Author: Syed Tasleem Raza, Ph.D., Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry,
Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Hardoi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 226025. Tel.: +91-522-
240-8122; 240-8123. Fax: +91-522-240-7824. E-mail: tasleem24@gmail.com
page: 47
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RESULTS
Our study included 101 T2DM patients (65
males and 36 females) and 97 controls (53 males and
44 females). The mean age of the T2DM patients and
controls were 41.32 ± 11.39 years and 40.13 ± 10.28
years, respectively. The age of onset in T2DM patients
was 44.05 ± 11.20 years. Clinical and biochemical
profiles of the patients and controls are shown in
Table 1. The mean BMI, blood pressure, random
blood sugar (RBS), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hb
A1C, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol,
triglyceride and serum creatinine levels in
the diabetic patients were significantly higher than in
the control subjects (p <0.001). We have found the
significant correlation between the RBS-Hb A1C (p
<0.001), RBS-serum cholesterol (p = 0.007), RBStriglyceride
(p = 0.049), serum creatinine-Hb A1C (p =
0.002), serum creatinine-triglyceride (p <0.001), serum
creatinine-VLDL (p <0.001), serum cholesteroltriglyceride
(p =0.001), serum cholesterol-HDL (p
<0.001), HDL-VLDL (p = 0.019), VLDL-triglyceride
(p <0.001). The frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1
null genotypes was 38.61 and 7.92%, respectively, in
T2DM patients, while it was 53.61 and 4.12%, respectively,
in the controls. The frequency of positive
GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes was 61.38 and
92.07%, respectively, in T2DM patients as compared
to 46.39 and 95.87% in the controls. Odds ratio (OR)
for GSTM1 null genotypes was 0.544 [95% confidence
interval (CI) 0.31-0.96, p = 0.046, χ2 = 3.97,
power = 0.923, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.092], for
the GSTT1 null genotypes 2.0 OR (95% CI 0.58-
6.87, p = 0.405, χ2 = 0.694, power = 0.869, Bonferroni
corrected p = 0.810). The OR for the GSTM1
positive genotypes was 1.837 (95% CI 1.04-3.23, p =
0.046, χ2 = 3.97, power = 0.923, Bonferroni corrected
p = 0.092), for the GSTT1 positive genotypes 0.5 OR
(95% CI 0.15-1.72, p = 0.405, χ2 = 0.694, power =
0.869, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.810) and the
GSTM1 and GSTT1 wild genotypes 1.569 (95% CI
0.89-2.75, p = 0.115, χ2 = 2.49, power = 0.918, Bonferroni
corrected p = 0.345). The frequencies of the
FTO genotypes AA, AT, TT in T2DM patients were
4.95, 71.28 and 23.76%, respectively, while in the
control group these frequencies were 0.00, 75.25 and
24.74%, respectively. The frequency of the A and T
alleles in T2DM patients was 40.59 and 59.40% as compared to 37.62 and 62.37% in the controls. The
OR for AA was N/A(0) (95% CI NA, p = 0.077, χ2 =
3.12, power = 0.989, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.231),
for AT 0.816 (95% CI 0.43-1.53, p = 0.528, χ2 = 0.40,
power = 0.782, Bonferroni corrected p = 1.000), and
for TT 0.948 (95% CI 0.50-1.82, p = 0.872, χ2 = 0.03,
power = 0.509, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.509). The
genotype, allele frequencies of the GSTM1, GSTT1
and FTO genes and statistical analysis of the patients
and controls are also shown in Table 2.
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