ADIPOCYTE “FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN”
GENE POLYMORPHISMS (rs1054135, rs16909196
AND rs16909187) IN JORDANIANS WITH OBESITY
AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
El-Ryalat S.W.1, Irshaid Y.M.1*, Abujbara M.2, El-Khateeb M.2, Ajlouni K.M.2
*Corresponding Author: Prof. Yacoub M. Irshaid MD, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, College of
Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan. Phone No.: +962 777818284,
Fax No.: +962 6 5300820, Email Addresses: y.irshaid@ju.edu.jo
page: 63
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DISCUSSION
This study examined the association of (rs1054135,
rs16909196 and rs16909187) polymorphisms in the
FABP4 gene with the susceptibility to T2DM, obesity,
and the relation of these variants with serum concentrations
of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.
The observed minor allele frequency of rs1054135 of
0.09 in the control group is not statistically different from
that of the whole studied sample (0.068).
The genotypes of the three SNPs are in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium in our control group and remained so in
the whole studied sample.
Our findings, showing no association between
rs1054135 and both T2DM and obesity, are consistent
with what was reported among postmenopausal women,
50-79 years old of multiple ethnicities (Whites, African
Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Asian, American-
Asian Pacific Islanders) who were enrolled in the “Women’s
Health Initiative” study [20]. The study examined 11
SNPs including rs1054135, and the results did not support
the association of these SNPs with increased risk of type
2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, our results were
not in agreement with those of two other studies. A study
was performed on 309 children, between 5-7 years of
age, in the United States. The children were divided into
obese and non-obese groups. Most of the children were
white, but the study also included African-Americans. Four
SNPs were tested (rs1051231, rs2303519, rs16909233
and rs1054135) and fasting plasma glucose, lipids, insulin,
hsCRP, and FABP4 levels were measured. HOMA
(homeostasis model assessment) was used as a measure
of insulin sensitivity. The frequency of rs1054135 allelic
variant was increased in obese children (3). A second
study, performed among Chinese teenagers in Shanghai,
concluded that the rs1054135 minor allele frequency was
significantly lower among obese females compared with
normal weight females [21].
Concerning rs16909187 and rs16909196, we
found that the homozygous wild type genotype (CC) of
rs16909187 and the homozygous wild type genotype (AA)
of rs16909196 were significantly associated with obesity.
However, rs16909187 and rs16909196 minor allele (T)
may be protective against obesity. The number of subjects with the homozygous minor allele genotypes is too small
to draw conclusions in this regard. The heterozygous minor
allele genotypes hint to such protection. The alleles of these
two SNPs were not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The haplotypes’ frequencies of rs1054135, rs16909196,
and rs16909187 were compared among the various studied
groups. Only haplotypes GAC and GTT were related to
obesity but not with T2DM. The frequency of the GAC
haplotype was higher in the overweight and obese group,
while that of GTT haplotype was higher in the control group.
The present study showed a significant association
between homozygous (GG) and heterozygous (GA) wild
type genotypes of rs1054135 and high level of LDL among
group 3 (non-diabetic but obese) in comparison with controls
(p-value = 0.03). However, there was no significant
association between rs1054135 SNP and the serum levels
of total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides among all
groups. The rs16909187 and rs16909196 SNPs were not
found to be associated with total cholesterol, LDL, HDL,
or triglycerides in any of the groups studied.
The rs16909187 and rs16909196 SNPs were in linkage
disequilibrium among all studied groups. However,
none of these two SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium
with rs1054135. This agrees with what has been previously
reported: rs1054135 has no linkage disequilibrium with
other SNPs in FABP4 gene [20].
The limitations of our study are the small sample size
studied (397 subjects in the four groups) and the reduced number
of females compared to males in all of the groups studied.
In conclusion, the 3 SNPs studied followed Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium. There was no association between
(rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) polymorphisms
and T2DM. Both rs16909196 and rs16909187 SNPs homozygous
wild type genotypes were associated with obesity,
while the minor allele genotypes may be protective
against obesity. The rs1054135 SNP was not associated
with obesity. The rs1054135 SNP was significantly associated
with an increase in LDL serum level among obese subjects,
but the other two SNPs (rs16909196 and rs16909187)
were not associated with any significant changes in lipid
profile parameters. There was linkage disequilibrium between
the rs16909187 and rs16909196 SNPs in the control
and the other studied groups. The rs1054135 SNP was not
in linkage disequilibrium with either of the two SNPs.
Acknowledgment
This research was supported by a grant from the Deanship
of Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Endorsement number: 119/2017-2018, Date: 25/04/2018.
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors
alone are responsible for the content and writing of
this article.
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