CAG REPEAT NUMBER IN THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR
GENE AND PROSTATE CANCER
Madjunkova S, Eftimov A, Georgiev V, Petrovski D, Dimovski AJ, Plaseska-
Karanfi lska D,
*Corresponding Author: Professor Dr. Dijana Plaseska-Karanfi lska, Macedonian Academy of Sciences
and Arts, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov”, Av. Krste
Misirkov 2, POB 428, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; Tel.: +389-2-3235-410; Fax: +389-2-3115-
434; E-mail: dijana@manu.edu.mk
page: 31
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RESULTS
The range of CAG repeats among patients with
PC and with BPH, and in control subjects was 15-
29, 17-30 and 14-30, respectively. The frequency of
CAG repeats in PC and BPH patients and control
subjects are given in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the distribution of the short CAG
repeats in the studied groups. The association of
the CAG repeat lengths at different cut-off points
with PC patients is shown in Table 1. We found a
signifi cantly higher percentage of short CAG repeats
(<19) in PC patients (21.64%) than in BPH
patients (9.43%) (p = 0.0154).
Table 2 shows the association of early (<65
years) and advanced (>65 years) age at diagnosis
of PC and BPH patients with different CAG repeat
length of the AR gene. We found no association
between the repeat length and age at diagnosis of
either group. The distribution of PC and BPH diagnosed
in these age groups was similar at the different
cut-off point of CAG repeat length.
The association of CAG repeats at different
cut-off points with a Gleason score was analyzed
in 110 PC patients (Table 3). A Gleason score
of <7 was found in 35 (31.82%), and a Gleason
score of >7 in 75 (68.18%). In the PC patients
with repeat number of <19, we found a signifi -
cantly higher percentage (34.3%, p = 0.0306)
of low grade tumors (Gleason score <7) against
16.0% that were high grade PC tumors (Gleason
score >7). The similar distribution of low and
high grade tumors was present at cut-off points
of CAG repeats of <21 (p = 0.0624) and CAG
repeats of <22 (p = 0.0868) but these differences
are not statistically signifi cant. Relative to the repeat
length of <21 and a Gleason score of <7, the
odds ratio (OR) for the <22 was 2.15, 95% CI
(95% confi dence interval) (0.887-5.211) and for
the CAG repeat length of >22 it was 0.465, 95%
CI (0.192-1.128).
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