EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF CHRONIC MATERNAL STRESS
LOAD DURING PREGNANCY MIGHT BE A POTENTIAL
BIOMARKER FOR SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH
Rogac M, Peterlin B
*Corresponding Author: Mihael Rogac, M.D., Ph.D., Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University
Medical Center Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Tel: +386-1-522-6171.
Fax: +386-1-540-1137. E-mail: mihael.rogac@kclj.si
page: 27
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Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborn
infants and can lead to significant neonatal morbidities.
Spontaneous preterm birth accounts for at least 50.0% of all
preterm births. We argue that chronic maternal stress load,
which is an important risk factor for spontaneous preterm
birth, could be represented by epigenetic signature of several
specific genetic loci in the mother’s blood. A literature search
was done in PubMed with the following keywords: “DNA
methylation,” “epigenetics,” “maternal stress” and “preterm
birth” from year 2000 to 2017. We suggest that these genetic
loci might be related to vulnerability and hypersensibility of
stress response during pregnancy in women with preterm
births. The mother’s epi-genetic stress bioprofile was supposed
to be a result of chronic maternal stress load since her
birth. This epigenetic bioprofile might also be a potential
biomarker for spontaneous preterm birth. DNA methylation
changes are tissue-specific and human stress response
manifests mostly through the central nervous system (CNS).
Nevertheless, we found evidence that methylation changes
of DNA isolated from blood leucocytes might be a reliable
measure of stress-related epigenetic changes that occur in
the CNS. Evaluating biological mechanisms through the
development of simple assays based on epigenetic changes
to measure chronic stress loads in expectant mothers can
lead to our ability to prepare more effective measures for
the prevention of preterm births, as well as leading to more
effective treatment strategies for both expectant mothers
and their newborns.
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