EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Karachanak-Yankova S1,a, Dimova R2,a, Nikolova D1, Nesheva D1, Koprinarova M3, Maslyankov S4, Tafradjiska R5, Gateva P6, Velizarova M7, Hammoudeh Z1, Stoynev N2, Toncheva D1, Tankova T2, Dimova I1,*
*Corresponding Author: Ivanka Dimova, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University Sofia, Zdrave str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria. Tel: +359-2-91-72-735. E-mail: ivanka.i.dimova@ gmail.com
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Abstract

Epigenetic changes, in particular DNA methylation processes, play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) linking genetic and environmental factors. To clarify this role, we have analyzed in patients with different duration of T2DM: (i) expression levels of methyl- CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) as marker of DNA methylation, and ii) methylation changes in 22 genes connected to cellular stress and toxicity. We have analyzed MBD2 mRNA expression levels in 16 patients and 12 controls and the methylation status of stress and toxicity genes in four DNA pools: (i) controls; (ii) newly-diagnosed T2DM patients; (iii) patients with T2DM duration of <5 years and (iv) of >5 years. The MBD2 expression levels were 10.4-times increased on average in T2DM patients compared to controls. Consistent increase in DNA methylation fraction with the increase in T2DM duration was observed in Prdx2 and SCARA3 genes, connected to oxidative stress protection and in BRCA1 and Tp53 tumor-suppressor genes. In conclusion, increased MBD2 expression in patients indicated general dysregulation of DNA methylation in T2DM. The elevated methylation of Prdx2 and SCARA3 genes suggests disturbance in oxidative stress protection in T2DM. The increased methylation of BRCA1 and Tp53 genes unraveled an epigenetic cause for T2DM related increase in cancer risk.



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