This paper deals with investigation of how miscarriages in early pregnancy and chromosomopathy are related.

The frequency of chromosome aberrations occurrence in miscarriages in early pregnancy has been demonstrated. The analysis of 304 chorions and fetal tissues was made at the Medical centre in Subotica in the period 2001. – 2005.

Cytogenetic analysis was made in chorion villi in the embryo tissue, most often in lungs because of the high mitotic index. The tissue sample was directly prepared without addition of any mitogens or incubation.

A total of 76 chromosome aberration was discovered which makes 25% of all miscarriages.

The most frequent chromosomopathy was a polyploidy (8,5%) and trisomy 16 (5,6%).

A significant increase was noticed concerning the presence of chromosomopathy per ages, 18% of cases in 2001, 21% in 2002, 23% in 2003, 26% in 2004, 29% in 2005.

The importance of cytogenetic analysis of miscarriages is in indicating the karyotyping of parents in which chromosomopathy of fetus has been found and also in discovering the host of balanced structural chromosome aberrations, in which a prenatal karyotyping in the subsequent pregnancy is necessary. Cytogenetic analysis is most often performed following a number of miscarriages of unknown etiology. In our sample, analysis was made in a non-selected population of pathologic pregnancies. Chromosome aberrations were discovered after the first miscarriage. Analysis of each miscarriage shows deviation of conception at the chromosome level even in first pregnancy and induces karyotyping of spouses.

Monitoring the presence of chromosome aberrations in miscarried fetuses is an indication of the general population risk which defines the guidelines for the preventive measures to be taken.