Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the world. Main risk factors for pancreatic cancer include cigarette smoking, age, diet, occupational exposure to certain carcinogenes, some medical conditions, chronic pancreatitis and inherited susceptibility. Several genes are suspected to modify the risk of pancreatic cancer, but although they have been extensively studied, their part in the etiology of this disease has not been revealed yet. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays an important role in DNA methylation, synthesis and repair, which makes MTHFR gene attractive as a candidate cancer-modifying gene in many malignant disorders, including panceratic cancer. This study has encompassed 41 patients with pancreatic cancer and 50 healthy saubjects with history of smoking. All subjects were tested for the presence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method. Mutation C677T was detected on 28 of 82 analyzed chromosomes in patients and on 33 of 100 analyzed chromosomes in controls. Allelic frequencies of this mutation did not significantly differ between the group of adenocarcinoma patients (34%) and control group (33%). The obtained results suggest that MTHFR C677T is not a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. However, these results can be considered only preliminary, due to the small number of analyzed patients and a possibility of combined effect with other genes.